Samuel Taylor Powerpoint Presentation (File)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
- October 21 1772-July 25 1834
- Poet/Critic/Philosopher
- Known to be friends with William Woodsworth (both said to be founders of the movement “Romanticism”).
- Romanticism: Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution.[1] It was partly a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature, and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature.( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism)
- The Romantic style or movement in literature and art, or adherence to its principles (contrasted with classicism)
- Romanticism: An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual’s expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions.
- Romantic quality or spirit in thought, expression, or action. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/romanticism)
Classicism:
1. The principles or styles characteristic of the literature and art of ancient Greece and Rome.
2. Adherence to such principles.
3. The classical style in literature and art, or adherence to its principles (contrasted with romanticism).
- A movement in literature and art during the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe that favored rationality and restraint and strict forms; “classicism often derived its models from the ancient Greeks and Romans. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/classicism)
Romanticism:
Romanticism has very little to do with things popularly thought of as “romantic,” although love may occasionally be the subject of Romantic art. Rather, it is an international artistic and philosophical movement that redefined the fundamental ways in which people in Western cultures thought about themselves and about their world. (http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/cs6/rom.html)
Quote-
“Only the wise possess ideas; the greater part of mankind are possessed by them”
(http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge)
Lyrical Ballads
Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798; it is typically considered to have marked the beginning of the Romantic movement in literature. The immediate effect on critics was modest, but it became and remains a landmark, changing the course of English literature.
Most of the poems in the 1798 edition were written by Wordsworth, with Coleridge contributing only four poems to the collection, including one of his most famous works, “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”. (And although it is only the two writers that are credited for the works. Dorothy Wordsworth – William’s sister, influenced William’s poetry immensely because he studied her diary which held powerful descriptions of their everyday surroundings.[citation needed])
A second edition was published in 1800, in which Wordsworth added additional poems and a preface detailing the pair’s avowed poetical principles. Another edition was published in 1802, Wordsworth added an appendix titled Poetic Diction in which he expanded the ideas set forth in the preface.
The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere – Ancient Mariner
- Coleridge had originally wrote the poem in a very old fashioned form
-Woodsworth suggested Coleridge change the poems vocabulary and format in order for readers to better understand -the common man-
-The text of the poem generally used today appeared in Coleridge’s collection Sibylline Leaves in 1817. It is very substantially different from the first version: as well as modernizing the spelling, Coleridge added or removed stanzas or lines and changed tenses of verbs. The narrative in the poem has many sources: some ideas come from other poems which Coleridge read; the central action was suggested by Wordsworth, who had been reading Shelvocke’s A Voyage round the World by the Way of the Great South Sea (1726): on this voyage one of the crew shot an albatross which had followed the ship in bad weather. According to a friend of Wordsworth, the Rev. Alexander Dyce, the poem was founded on a strange dream which one of Coleridge’s friends had; the dreamer, John Cruikshank of Nether Stowey in the Quantock hills (between Bridgewater and Minehead), where Coleridge lived, dreamed of a skeleton ship with figures in it.
(http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/poetry/mariner.htm)
-The poem is meant to be vivid and alive
- The mariner’s tale is told in first person but the poem is set in third person narrative about a wedding.
- This creates a better impact on readers because it is as if the mariner himself is telling about his voyage instead of having it come from someone else.
-The poem is written in an almost story-like format; however, it also keeps to a poem-like style
- It is written similar to a story because it is broken into 7 parts -almost like chapters-
- Its length and plot itself is also similar to a story
-It keeps to the poem style by Coleridge’s use of vocabulary and rhyming scheme
-The poet uses effects of rhyme, alliteration (same initial consonant) and pacing (as in the line “For the sky and the sea, and the sea and the sky” which suggests the slow passing of time and the mariner’s weariness) and other effects of sound.
-Coleridge uses many dialect (regional non-standard) words, and archaic (old-fashioned) spellings of standard words
(http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/poetry/mariner.htm)
- The poem is about a mariner and his crew.
- It begins with the mariner stopping one of three wedding guests to tell about his voyage
- He tells of how he sailed through good winds, bad winds, until the weather only grew worse
- An albatross (bird of good omen) comes upon the ship and guides the crew back on track towards good weather and safety.
- The mariner inhospitably shoots the albatross with his crossbow shortly after
- His crew, upset at first, made themselves accomplices in the crime
- Soon after, the albatross begins vengeance
- The ship stops dead suddenly in the middle of the ocean
- A Spirit follows them and the crew cannot speak due to thirst & lack of element
- The rest of the crew now blames the albatross’ death on the mariner and do not consider themselves accomplices any further. They cannot speak, and so hang the albatross around his neck
- The mariner bites his arm for blood to quench his thirst and tell his crew he has spotted what he thinks to be a ship in the distance
- The crew is overjoyed to hear of a ship coming their way, however, they are quickly upset when they realize it cannot be a ship, as there is no wind.
- The mariner realizes it is a skeleton ship nearing
- There are only two members on board the ship, Death (a skeleton) and his mate “Life-in-Death”( an extremely pale woman) – Night mare
- The ship soon comes beside the mariner’s ship. Life-in-Death and Death are rolling dice and gambling for the crew and their souls. Death wins the crew, while Life-in-Death wins the mariner.
- For seven days and nights the mariner stays upon the ship with his dead crew until the mariners curse is lifted. Earlier in the poem the mariner had cursed sea creatures to be “slimy things”, but now sees them in a completely different way and with beauty.
- The mariner’s curse is to wander around the earth and tell his story.
- Coleridge’s moral is that god created all things as equal, and equally, all shall love all.
To Nature
- Relates to Romanticism because of its plot and meaning
- It is based on nature -clear from the title- but also on the poet’s emotions and feelings -whether they are feelings about himself or towards nature-.
- Coleridge paints a colorful image using his imagination to show readers his emotions.
- Coleridge attempts to create a vivid image for all readers to be able to comprehend, but he also knows the human mind -where imagination comes into play- is altogether creative, unique and complex itself. One cannot write of all nature’s elements for exactly what they are, and have everyone agree. Ex- Coleridge may see a tree as one of nature’s important green gifts to mankind; bringing air and happiness. Some may agree, whilst others may see trees as yes, green and greatly important when it comes to breathing, however unhappy figures. Gluttonous mounds of bark just sprouting out of the earth only to get in the way of everything.
- The poem is one of his many works on Nature.
- “I should not think of devoting less than 20 years to an Epic Poem. Ten to collect materials and warm my mind with universal science. I would be a tolerable Mathematician, I would thoroughly know Mechanics, Hydrostatics, Optics, and Astronomy, Botany, Metallurgy, Fossilism, Chemistry, Geology, Anatomy, Medicine–then the mind of man–then the minds of men–in all Travels, Voyages and Histories.” -Coleridge. (http://users.dickinson.edu/~nicholsa/Romnat/coleridge.htm)
- The above quote: Coleridge spending 20 years or more on an epic poem devoted to nature and its wonders.
- The poem is simply about Coleridge and his view on nature. He goes on to say that he does not have any interest what-so-ever about what anyone else thinks/says about nature, because it is his mind, his emotions, his view. “…and if the wide world rings in mock of this belief, it brings nor fear, nor grief, nor vain perplexity…” -Coleridge “To Nature”.
Dictionary.com:
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-2008
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/cs6/rom.html:
-©English Department, Brooklyn College
-Adapted from A Guide to the Study of Literature: A Companion Text for Core Studies 6, Landmarks of Literature,
-2001
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